This page uses content from the Paul Schrader biography page on the English version of Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. This list of authors can be seen in the page history. Rotten Tomatoes disclaims any and all warranties as to the accuracy or reliability of the content.

Paul Joseph Schrader (born July 22, 1946 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a screenwriter and film director, renowned for his characters that fall into desperation while their world crumbles around them.

His influences include Robert Bresson, Yasujiro Ozu and Carl Dreyer, whose cross-cultural similarities he examined in Transcendental Style in Film: Ozu, Bresson, Dreyer (ISBN 0-306-80335-6) in 1972. Despite his credentials as a director, Schrader has received more recognition for his screenplays directed by others.

Schrader is married to the actress Mary Beth Hurt, and they have two children, a daughter named Molly and a son named Sam.

Career history

Schrader's early life was based on strict Calvinist principles and severe parenting. When he disobeyed his mother, she would stab him in the hand with a pin and say "You think that felt bad? Hell is like that, only every second and all over your body." Schrader did not see a film until he was 18 and could sneak away from home, and the first one he saw was The Nutty Professor, which he hated. His brother Leonard Schrader would also become a film screenwriter and collaborated with Paul on some projects.

After studying at Calvin College, he went on to Columbia University, AFI Conservatory where he received an MFA degree in 1969, and UCLA's graduate film programme on the recommendation of Pauline Kael. Under Kael's mentoring he became a film critic, writing for LA Weekly Press and later Cinema magazine.

In 1975 Schrader co-wrote The Yakuza, a film set in the Japanese crime world directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Mitchum. Although it flopped at the box office, it brought him to the attention of the new generation of Hollywood directors. In 1976 he wrote the screenplay of Obsession for Brian De Palma.

Schrader was involved in the early stages of the writing of Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), but either the studio or Spielberg (even Schrader doesn't know to this day) didn't like the religious overtones (the aliens were at one point going to be an explanation for religious phenomena) and opted for a somewhat lighter script.

Also that year, Martin Scorsese filmed his script of Taxi Driver. The film was nominated for a 1976 Golden Globe Award and provided the acclaim and funding that enabled Schrader to direct Blue Collar (1978), which he had written with his brother Leonard. Starring Richard Pryor and Harvey Keitel, it was a story of car workers trying to get out of their rut through robbery and blackmail. The shooting, as Schrader recalls, was a nightmare because of the amount of tension between him and the actors. Reportedly, Yaphet Kotto broke a chair over Keitel's back, while Pryor pulled a gun on Schrader and would refuse to shoot more than three takes per scene. Schrader also states this is the only time he has broken down on a film set, and that it made him seriously reconsider his career.

Besides Taxi Driver, Scorsese has also filmed Schrader's scripts for The Last Temptation of Christ (1988) and Bringing Out the Dead (1999), and directed Raging Bull (1980), which Schrader co-wrote with Mardik Martin.

In 1986, Peter Weir filmed his script of The Mosquito Coast.

Other films Schrader has directed include Hardcore (1979), American Gigolo (1980), the remake of Cat People (1982), Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985), for which he was nominated the Palme d'Or at that year's Cannes Film Festival; Light of Day (1987); and an unconventional, visually inventive film about the kidnapping of Patty Hearst (1988). His 1990s work includes The Comfort of Strangers (1990), which was adapted by Harold Pinter from the novel by Ian McEwan; Light Sleeper (1993), a sympathetic study of a drug dealer who, like the other people around him, is vying for a normal life; Touch (1997), from a novel by Elmore Leonard; Affliction (1997) from a novel by Russell Banks; and the romantic thriller Forever Mine (1999).

He directed another biopic, Auto Focus (2002), dealing with the life and mysterious death of Hogan's Heroes actor, Bob Crane. After this he shot Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (see below). He recently finished filming The Walker which will be finished by early 2007, and is in pre-production planning on Adam Resurrected, which will be released in 2008. He wrote an essay in the September/October 2006 issue of Film Comment called "The Film Canon," which attempts to establish criteria for judging film masterworks.

Exorcist: The Original Prequel

In 2003 he made entertainment headlines after being fired from Exorcist: Dominion, a prequel to The Exorcist. The original director chosen had been John Frankenheimer, who died in 2002 from a stroke due to complications after spinal surgery.

After the film was completed under Schrader's direction, the production company, Morgan Creek Productions/Warner Bros. did not like the result and the entire film was re-shot, with Renny Harlin directing. It was released as Exorcist: The Beginning in 2004.

Schrader's version eventually premiered at the Brussels International Festival of Fantastic Film on March 18, 2005 as Exorcist: The Original Prequel, where discussions were held for a limited release in the UK before its release on DVD. The film saw a limited theatrical release in the U.S. as Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist in mid-2005.

In addition, after a troubled post production on Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist, Schrader had to make certain budget decisions in terms of finishing his film. To do that, he asked Angelo Badalamenti and American experimental metal band Dog Fashion Disco to contribute to the score for little or no money.

Filmography (as director)

• Blue Collar (1978) (also co-writer)
• Hardcore (1979) (also writer)
• American Gigolo (1980) (also writer)
• Cat People (1982)
• Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985) (also co-writer with his brother and sister-in-law)
• Light of Day (1987) (also writer)
• Patty Hearst (1988)
• The Comfort of Strangers (1990)
• Light Sleeper (1992) (also writer)
• Touch (1997) (also writer)
• Affliction (1997) (also writer)
• Forever Mine (1999) (also writer)
• Auto Focus (2002)
• Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (2005)
• The Walker (2007)
• Adam Resurrected (2008)

(as writer)

• The Yakuza (1975)...Directed by Sydney Pollack (with Leonard Schrader)
• Taxi Driver (1976)...Directed by Martin Scorsese
• Obsession (1976)...Directed by Brian DePalma
• Rolling Thunder (1977)...Directed by John Flynn
• Old Boyfriends (1979)...Directed by Joan Tewkesbury (with Leonard Schrader)
• Raging Bull (1980)...Directed by Martin Scorsese (with Mardik Martin)
• The Mosquito Coast (1986)...Directed by Peter Weir
• The Last Temptation of Christ (1988)...Directed by Martin Scorsese
• City Hall (1996)...Directed by Harold Becker (with Bo Goldman, Nicholas Pileggi, and Ken Lipper)
• Bringing Out the Dead (1999)...Directed by Martin Scorsese
• Torch (2007)...to be directed by Harold Becker

Further reading

Schrader on Schrader and Other Writings (2004) (ISBN 0-571-22176-9)

External links

• Interview with Schrader from 1998 on 'Bringing Out the Dead' and his writing techniques by Mikael Colville-Andersen.
• Exorcist: The Original Prequel - Brussels International Festival Of Fantastic Film (BIFFF) website
• Watch interview with Paul Schrader about his hero Robert Bresson

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